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High-power ultrasonics is mechanical vibrational energy transmitted bymetallic horns or probes which are tuned in multiples of half wavelengths.The vibrating horn can transfer the energy to solids, liquids or gases.Applied to solids, the energy can be used to cut, machine, grind or weld,depending on the output configuration. Applied to fluids the cavitationprocess discussed in other chapters arises. Applied to gases, a variety ofprocesses such as defoaming or particulate clumping can occur .

The basic elements of an ultrasonic cutting system as follows: The metallic high "Q' horns or probes are specially shaped andfrequency tuned as half wavelength longitudinal vibrators .For cutting applications they are wide, thin bar horns with a profiled sharpcutting output tip. Typically the tip movement will be in the range of 50-100 um peak to peak. The oscillation is sinusoidal. The knife horn or bladeis screwed by a high tensile stud to the intermediate booster horn, which hasa nodal or non-moving support flange. The booster horn is driven by apiezoelectric-electric multidisc clamped transducer. The transducer convertsthe input high voltage 20 kHz alternating signal into the mechanicalvibration. These complex electromechanical devices are matched to adriving input power supply, which provides up to 2 kW of electrical powerto drive the vibrating system.

High-power ultrasonics is widely used in industry and has no major healthand safety concerns which are not already addressed in the existingmachinery codes. Obviously, the cutting blade needs effective guarding and